Things Fall Apart - 977 Words

How could the text be read and interpreted differently by two different readers? Things Fall Apart Language and Literature Things fall apart is a novel written by Chinua Achebe. It is set during the late 19th, early 20th century in a small village named Umuofia situated in Nigeria. This time period is important because it was a period in colonial history when the British were increasing their influence economic, cultural, and political influence in Africa. The novel deals with the rise and fall of Okonkwo, a man from the village of Umuofia. It also explains the effect of the appearance of the British on the Igbo society in terms of the destruction of social connections. In this text, there are several passages in which their†¦show more content†¦A Nigerian receiver could absolutely relate to this system, if he has already experimented this. As regards of the British receiver, if he never knew about this, he wouldn’t be able to get the full message of what the author is trying to say and would find it hard to believe that strategy. By cons if the lector’s parents or grandparents hav e had to use this kind of technique in the old days before technology advanced over time, the reader could understand the Nigerian procedure because his parents or grandparents would’ve explain it to him. With these facts the Nigerian and British interpretations on the way the Igbo society heal sickness could have similar and different thoughts. In conclusion, the interpretations that a Nigerian and a British reader could have on certain passages of the novel Things Fall Apart could be similar and different. The Nigerian receiver could interpret the novel in a positive way, by explaining certain reasons of why their society, politics and economy work. These interpretations could definitely relate to his life because he’s Nigerian. The British reader could also find some positive reasons of why things work in a certain way in Nigerian, by saying for example that they’re unique. However, this person could find their beliefs ridiculous and would want to influence them in believing in whatever the British person believes in. This brings up the question ofShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart910 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Okonkwo Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a novel about a man in West Africa. It tells about his triumphs and trial ultimately leading to his demise. It explains how the â€Å"white man† came into his country and took over. It show you how the â€Å"white man† mad things fall apart. Okonkwo was a very large and tall man. He had big bushy eyebrows and a huge nose. As stated in Things Fall Apart, â€Å"He was tall and huge, and his bushy eyebrows and wide nose gave him a very severe look (3-4).† He was extremelyRead MoreThings fall apart1057 Words   |  5 Pages Reflection on the novel Things Fall Apart The Idea of Culture in Things Fall Apart The novel Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe is a story about personal beliefs, customs and also about conflict. There is struggle between family and within culture and it also deals with the concept of culture and the notion of the values and traditions within a culture. The word culture is Latin and means to cultivate. To cultivate has several meanings; it can mean to plow, fertilize, raise and plantRead MoreThings Fall Apart875 Words   |  4 PagesOkonkwo is a tragic hero in Things Fall Apart Question ( 2 ): Discuss Okonkwo in Chinua Achebe s â€Å"Things Fall Apart† is a tragic hero. Answer: In Chinua Achebe’s novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart† Okonkwo is a tragic hero. Aristotle’s Poetics defines a Tragic Hero as a good man of high status who displays a tragic flaw ‘hamartia’ and experiences a dramatic reversal ‘peripeteia’, as well as an intense moment of recognition ‘anagnorisis’. Okonkwo is a leader and hardworking member of the Igbo communityRead MoreThings Fall Apart818 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish oral presentation Cultural strengths of the Ibo society before the invasion of the colons. The novel Things fall apart by Chinua Achebe describes the social and cultural traits of a culture based on the principles of labor and masculinity, conformity and kinship and finally on solid juridical system. The worth of a man was measured by his strength and the amount of work he could accomplish and how efficiently feed his family, the concepts of masculinity is strictly related withRead MoreThings Fall Apart2539 Words   |  11 PagesSociety (Things Fall Apart) Women are often thought of as the weaker, more vulnerable of the two sexes. Thus, women’s roles in literature are often subdued and subordinate. In Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, women are repressed by an entrenched structure of the social repression. Women suffer great losses in this novel but, also in certain circumstances, hold tremendous power. Achebe provides progressively changing attitudes towards women’s role. At first glance, the women in Things Fall Apart mayRead More Things Fall Apart Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesChinua Achebes Things Fall Apart shows an odd similarity between the cultures of Ancient Greece and the Lower Niger. Despite the fact that two societies can exist during different periods of time and have conflicting cultural values, their stories and behavior can have surprising overlaps. Things Fall Apart is structured like a Greek Tragedy in its use of a chorus and in the presence of a tragic hero whose actions ultimately lead to his downfall. The Egwugwu from Things Fall Apart act like the chorusRead More Things Fall Apart Essay714 Words   |  3 PagesThings Fall Apart Opposites do not Attract In Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, Mr. Brown, the first missionary in Umuofia, was a kind and respectful man. Not to say that Reverend James Smith was not, but his degree of kindness and respect were present in a whole different level. They both wanted to convert the lost, all those in Umuofia that were not in the church. Mr. Brown made friends with the clan and â€Å"trod softly on his faith,† (pg.178) while Mr. Smith told them how thingsRead MoreSummary Of Things Fall Apart 716 Words   |  3 PagesJory Alkhudair Mr. Meister English 10th 26 October 2017 Things Fall Apart I am writing about Ekwefi , Okonkwo’s second wife, and who was once the village beauty. Ekwefi is also the mother of Ezinma , Okonkwo’s only daughter . Ezinma is her only surviving child, her other nine died in infancy. Ekwefi constantly fears that she will lose Ezinma too. The festival was only three days away. We were scrubbing the walls and the huts with red earthRead MoreColonialism In Things Fall Apart1824 Words   |  8 Pageswritten by Chinua Achebe which shows the main theme of the novel Things Fall Apart, and even represents the theme within the article, â€Å"The Benefits of British Rule†. There are many cultures with different values or practices that might seem obscure to one group but normal to another, therefore no one can determine what culture is wrong or right, but it s up to society to determine the best way of life. The novel Things Fall Apart and the article â€Å"The Benefits of British Rule† examine two differentRead More Things Fall Apart Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pages Things Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc. New York, New York Copyright 1959 Author Biography Albert Chinualumogu Achebe, or Chinua Achebe, was born November 16, 1930, in Ogidi, Nigeria. His parents were Janet N. Achebe, and Isaiah Okafo, a teacher in a missionary school. Mr. Achebe was educated at the University College of Ibadan, but also attended Government College in 1944. He wrote his first novel, Things Fall Apart, in 1958. During the Biafran War,

Essay about Adoption of Children by Same-Sex Couples

Traditionally, a family has been considered to consist of a heterosexual couple and their children, but many forms of family life exist in contemporary society. Homosexual people also form family units, either as single parents or as couples, with children, who are included in the family through a variety of circumstances. Many have children who were born in previous families (Johnson Piore, 2004) and many have children who were born in a previous heterosexual marriages. A gay man or lesbian women or couple can enlist the help of a surrogate to have a baby while other homosexuals adopted or foster children (Sherman, 2002; Virtel, 2007). Surveys indicate that between 45% and 80% of lesbians and between 40% and 60% of gay men are†¦show more content†¦The Christian Medical Fellowship (2002), for instance argues that â€Å"an overwhelming weight of evidence shows that children with married parents fare best in life, having fewer [behavior] and psychiatric problems and less ant i-social [behavior]. Whilst adoption is a Christian concept which is echoed in God’s adoption of us into his family through Christ’s death on the cross, homosexual adoption runs counter to Christian concepts of sexuality, family and child development.† Religious conservative groups such as these frequently state that any research that suggest homosexual adoption is a viable public policy option argue it as dangerously misleading propaganda, often citing a lack of data on the comparative effects of homosexual foster care or adoption, or questioning the interpretation and lack of available information about the effects of homosexual parenting. They argue that homosexual parenting studies present only anecdotal evidence or reflect personal opinion as fact and counter such studies with other studies that cite problems in children that correlate with single-parent households and cohabiting couples (but not necessarily problems correlated with homosexuality.) They argu e social learning theory, that if a child is placed in a gay or lesbian household, the surroundings will send confusing messages that will, in time, lead to the child acting on homosexual feelings or that the child is at risk of beingShow MoreRelatedGay Adoption And The United States1412 Words   |  6 Pagesdo gay couples have on adoption agencies in the United States? â€Å"An estimated 65,500 adopted children are living with a lesbian or gay† parent (Lifelong Adoptions)​.†Ã¢â‚¬â€¹There are 1 million lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender parents raising about 2 million children in the U.S† (Why Gay Parents Are Good Parents). ​Even though people believe gay adoption will cause children to act different Gay adoption positively affects adoption agencies because most kids end up with gay couples, Gay couples are moreRead MoreGay Adoption And The United States1412 Words   |  6 Pagesdo gay couples have on adoption agencies in the United States? â⠂¬Å"An estimated 65,500 adopted children are living with a lesbian or gay† parent (Lifelong Adoptions)​.†Ã¢â‚¬â€¹There are 1 million lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender parents raising about 2 million children in the U.S† (Why Gay Parents Are Good Parents). ​Even though people believe gay adoption will cause children to act different Gay adoption positively affects adoption agencies because most kids end up with gay couples, Gay couples are moreRead MoreGay Adoption Should Be Legal1355 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"There are no unwanted children just unfound families† (National Adoption Center.). Families together are one not anything different from every other family. No matter race, color, or the type of family. Adoption is just a way for anybody who wants to create a family would be able to have the access to have a family of their own. Even to the families who are not able to have a child or does not have a partner to have a child. The Na tional Adoption Center allows the families in need to adopt aRead MoreShould My Forever Home Exist?1664 Words   |  7 Pagesin a family? Will I ever receive any attention? Will I ever get out of this place? Will I ever be loved? This problem, however, does not only affect those innocent children who lack homes. This problem affects those families who cannot produce any children and want to conceive a child. Although, there are hundreds of thousands of children sitting without families because their birth parents could not take care of them. In New Jersey, a high school student gave birth to a child during her senior promRead MoreShould Same Sex Couples Be Legal?906 Words   |  4 Pagesmarriage between same sex couples becoming legal in more and more states, couples are trying to adopt or using other alternatives to having children of their own. Though that does not mean that same sex couples did not have children before they were legally allowed to be married. There is criticism about whether or not same sex couples should be parents and both sides have quite the following and are ambivalent in their opinions. There are different ways for same sex couples to have children. The firstRead MoreAdoption With Same Sex Couples1162 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2017 Adoption with Same-sex Couples Adoption is when a child is removed from their home and are now under protection of another family. They can be related or unrelated to the child. It can be great for children, as they can live a better life than they would have had with their birth parents. The children may have endured abuse or neglect and need to get out of the situation, or the parents could have not thought that they were able to take care of the child. Either way, adoption is made toRead MoreMy Analysis on Same-Sex Adoption661 Words   |  3 Pagesespecially on the grounds of race, age, or sex is discriminating; according to the Oxford dictionary. This term does not empower them, but instead make people feel powerless. Same-sex couples in particular, who are looking to adopt, feel unequal to their heterosexual associates. In relation to adoption, there shouldn’t be preference to heterosexual couples over same-sex couples. Adoption typically is not an easy process, but when it comes to people of the sa me sex trying to adopt, what seems to be as simpleRead MoreShould Gay Adoption Be Legalized?935 Words   |  4 Pagesexactly how same sex couples feel when they are attempting to adopt children. Adoption isn’t just about finding children for families, but it’s about finding families for children. The traditional definition of raising a family is one man and one woman raising their children together, which is why gay adoption has been a struggle for many gay couples. It is prejudice to deny homosexuals the right to adopt and have a family. As society evolves and cultural perspectives expand, gay adoption deserves toRead MoreEssay on Gay Adoption 1060 Words   |  5 Pagesso just imagine how many of those children could be adopted if more lesbian and gay couples were able to adopt. According to lifelong adoption agencies more and more gay and lesbian couples are becoming parents through artificial insemination, a surrogate, or LGBT adoption. It’s hard for same s ex couples to adopt because adoption agencies that have religious beliefs against same sex couples reject them, or a state law prohibits same sex parents. Same sex couples face much opposition from a largeRead MoreComparative Family Policies Same Sex Marriage1006 Words   |  5 PagesHomework One Comparative Family Policies—same-sex Marriage On June 26, 2015, the United States Supreme Court ruled in favor of the freedom to marry, allowing same-sex couples to marry nationwide. So far 21 other countries also passed laws that made same-sex marriage legal nationwide. What are these countries that allow same-sex marriage? When or in which year did each country make it legal? 1 (5 pts) Argentina (2010) Belgium (2003) Brazil (2013) Canada (2005) Denmark (2012) England/Wales (2014)

Managing Team and Leadership Theory

Question: Discuss about the Managing Team and Leadership Theory. Answer: Introduction Management is the process of coordinating the essential activities of the business with an aim of achieving the certain objectives. According to Dewett, T. and Williams, S.D., 2007, management is a broad area in an organization that revolves all factors and operational concepts. Team management is a component of management, it is defined as the ability of an individual manager to administer as well as coordinating group of individual to perform the specific task within the organization. Team management is a strategic management tool that involves teamwork, objective setting, communication and the performance appraisals. The key assumption of team management in an organization is to have the capability of identifying certain problems and resolving conflict within a team. The different organization has distinctive team management aspect depending on their specialization, where teams in every organization are formed to resolve the problem which relates to the organization activities. The organizational management has to encourage their employees to form teams that could be used to resolves different issues affecting the operations of the company. Team management is divided into different categories depending on the assumptions and management concepts in relation to employee performance. Continuous improvement team, cross functional team, problem-solving team, self-managed teams, top management team virtual team and working team are the main categories of team managements. The main purpose of creating and encouraging teams in organization is to give advice, projecting, to increase production and to implement the action plan (Lichodzijewski, and Heywood, 2008). Type of team that exist within the Virgin groups of companies Richard Branson is a successful entrepreneur whose success is defined by his leadership and management skills. He is the Chief Executive Officer of Virgin group companies, these companies have achieved their goals and objectives through the creation of the working group of individuals (Meredith Belbin, 2011). Problem-solving team The problem-solving team is a strategic management technique that exists within the Virgin Group Company. It is defined as the group of employees who form a team with the purpose of solving task within an organization, these employees from a team whose main function is to project on the problem affecting the company and create possible solution (Lichodzijewski, and Heywood, 2008). Continuous improvement teams This is also the available team at the Virgin Group Company; it is explained as a team which is formed by the employees who are perceived to be successful in their performances. According to the study, employees at the Virgin Group Company tend to keep critical transformational work while they work in their respective companies (Aaker, and Joachimsthaler, 2012) Self-Manage team The self-manage team is described as the kind of team where employee in a team is working without any direct supervision. Virgin Group Company have self-manage team whose members understand his or her mandate. The employees at the Virgin Group Company are improving their skill because they enjoy the kind of interaction they have among themselves. They are also motivated because they have freedom to move from one section to the other, this gives them an opportunity of improving their performance as individual employees (Hepworth, Rooney, Rooney, G.D. and Strom-Gottfried, 2016). Stages of development and task roles, and how they affect Virgin Group Company The stages of development and defining the task of a group are critical and they require the corporation both the management and the employees, a team cannot be functional without the support from the management. The management of an organizational need to acknowledge roles to be played by group since they can be colliding with their management function. At Virgin Group Company, these stages seem to influence the company activities in relation to their outcomes (Lichodzijewski, and Heywood, 2008).. Forming Forming is the first stage of team development, this is a stage where the members of a team rely on the immediate behavior of the group leaders, in this stage the group members have the desire of being accepted in their teams. Based on the Virgin Group Company , Richard Branson is a top management personnel who encouraged his employees to form groups, the culture he introduce to the companies through his leadership style and management skill exhibited how team members accept themselves, how their leaders are effective while leading the group (Meredith Belbin, 2011). Storming It is the second stage of group development, it is a step which is characterized by the competitions as well as conflicts between personal relations of group members. During this stage, team members attempt to organize task and create a solution in relation to their personal dimensions. Virgin Group Company is like any other organization, the success of achieving the desired objectives is created by allowing the employees to develop the solutions to specific task in relation to their personal dimensions (Finkelstein, Hambrick, and Cannella, 2009). Norming This is a stage where the group is acknowledging the contribution, community building, and maintenance as well as solving of group issues, therefore, the stage is characterized by cohesion. When the members of a group develop trust within their personal levels, they tend to have cohesive relationship which allows the group to grow stronger. Virgin group companies are positively influenced at this stage since all employee seem to work towards same goals of achieving the organization's missions and visions, they work together and provide the solution to the specific task (Meredith Belbin, 2011). Performing Changes are also experienced in the group, where the members work independently or as whole unit towards providing the solution to the task assign. The roles and the authorities of group members dynamically adjust with the changing needs of the group. At Virgin Group Company, changing needs of individual towards various task affect the activities of a team, and thus influencing the operations of the organization (Finkelstein, Hambrick, and Cannella, 2009), Adjourning This is the last stage of group development where the leader of a group recognize the participation and contribution of all members, the acknowledgments and contribution of a group are done before the group is dissolved. The group is adjourned after providing the solution to specific problem assigned to it by the management (Finkelstein, Hambrick, and Cannella, 2009). Characteristic of a group and they are aligned with behavior and performance The key feature of a group entails the following, interest of achieving a common goal, a group is formed by more two persons, define structure that defines the relationship of the group members and collective identity, this implies that is group is identified based on the task assigned to provide solutions. These characteristics of a group in an organization are the key component that defines the behavior of group members as well as portrays their performance (Randel, and Jaussi, 2003). The cohesiveness of the group members reflects on the identity of a group, it shows how the group is united towards achieving specific task. Conflict, on the other hand, implies the negative behavior between members of a group, conflict arises when group leaders fail to acknowledge the contribution of an individual. The performance of a group is defined by the commitment of group members towards achieving the same sets of group objective. How social interaction support group activities Social interactions form an integral part of the Virgin group of company activities. Interactions help in enhancing the good relationship between the employees and the management. Allowing the employees to have social interaction within their workplace is a silent motivational approach, where employee enjoys the freedom give to them by the management it allows them to have internal competition among themselves and thus leading to improving the performance of the company. Social interaction within Virgin Group Company allows the employees to share their ideas, where these ideas are used to improve their performance (Finkelstein, Hambrick, and Cannella, 2009). Conclusion Managing team is a strategic management tool which involve the ability of the management o administer and ordinate a group of staff members to perform specific task. Virgin Group of Company is one of the multinational company which defines it success by embracing the importance of encouraging the group formation within the organization. The formation of group within an organization is a substantial approach towards achieving the mission and visions that are set to be achieved. The features of a group in an organization tend to influence the performance of individual as well as the general organization, group are formed within an organization depending on the type of the organization as well as the task to be solves. However, social interaction is a key element of success to the organization, it is a form of motivation as well as allows the staff members to exchange and share ideas. References Finkelstein, S., Hambrick, D.C. and Cannella, A.A., 2009. Strategic leadership: Theory and research on executives, top management teams, and boards. Oxford University Press, USA. Hepworth, D.H., Rooney, R.H., Rooney, G.D. and Strom-Gottfried, K., 2016. Empowerment Series: Direct Social Work Practice: Theory and Skills. Nelson Education Randel, A.E. and Jaussi, K.S., 2003. Functional background identity, diversity, and individual performance in cross-functional teams. Academy of Management Journal, 46(6), pp.763-774 Dewett, T. and Williams, S.D., 2007. Innovators and Imitators in Novelty?intensive Markets: A Research Agenda. Creativity and Innovation Management, 16(1), pp.80-92. Meredith Belbin, R., 2011. Management teams: Why they succeed or fail. Human Resource Management International Digest, 19(3). Lichodzijewski, P. and Heywood, M.I., 2008, July. Managing team-based problem solving with symbiotic bid-based genetic programming. In Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation (pp. 363-370). ACM. Aaker, D.A. and Joachimsthaler, E., 2012. Brand leadership. Simon and Schuster.

Opportunities of Social Networking for Second Language Learners

Introduction Language is an integral tool for our dealings with other people in the world. It is through language that we are able to communicate and exchange ideas with each other. Due to the significance of language, many people are encouraged to gain proficiency in more than one language. These Second Language Learners try to gain proficiency in a language that is at first foreign to them. To assist in this task, they use various tools including books, and audiovisual material for learning.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Opportunities of Social Networking for Second Language Learners specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition to these traditional tools, second language learners have tried to make use of the tools made available to them through technological advances. One of these tools is social networking sites, which have gained great popularity over the last few years. Social networking has attracted mil lions of users all over the world and provided a cheap means for people to interact with their friends and people with similar interests to theirs. Educators have tried to look for ways through which social networking can enhance the education of students. Some researchers have tried to investigate if social networking can offer some opportunities to second language learners. This paper will argue that social networking presents many opportunities that can be used by second language learners to enhance their new language skills and gain greater proficiency in the language. Opportunities provided by Social Networking Social networking contributes to the motivation of learners to gain proficiency in the second language. Motivation, which is the process of encouraging certain behavior, is vital for the continuous inspiration of a learner to achieve the desired learning goals. Social networks motivate learners by providing them with opportunity to meet other people who are native speake rs of the language they are learning or fellow learners. Clark states that by meeting such people, a person is highly encouraged to keep learning and gain proficiency in the new language (167). In some social networks, the learner has the opportunity to make friends with fellow learners and they can encourage and motivate each other through the difficulties of learning the new language. A significant opportunity presented by social networking is access to other users of the foreign language. Some second language learners try gaining knowledge of a language in a place where there are no speakers of the foreign language. When this happens, the learner has no opportunities to use the foreign language. As has been noted, being able to use the target language on a regular basis is integral to the second language acquisition process. Without opportunities for use of the foreign language, the learner is likely to stop learning due to the lack of practical application of the knowledge he/sh e gains. Social networking helps to overcome this by introducing the learner to a community of native speakers and peer learners of the target language (Harrison 111).Advertising Looking for essay on languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With access to such a community, the individual has numerous opportunities to practice and use the foreign language. Research by Dalton reveals that through social networks, non-native speakers are able to benefit from the in-depth knowledge that native speakers of the target language have (2). Social networking sites have applications that enable a person to carry out text-based chats or even voice chats with the other users. Social networking therefore gives second language learners an opportunity to use the target language. The ease of access to second language learning resources has been promoted by social networking sites. Traditionally, learners had to rely on their teachers and too ls such as books and audio cassettes in their language learning. While these means were effective, they did not provide students with a great amount of resources. Student learning was also restricted to the material that the teacher issued. With social networking, students are exposed to a wide array of learning material. Dalton reveals that social networking provides an environment that is rich with features that assist in the growth or the learner’s developing second language (3).There are sites, which are specifically created to provide second language learners with the material they need and recommend other language enhancement means. Dalton notes that following the initial exposure to a language, the student must make great effort to become accomplished in the language (7). Social networking reduces the effort needed since the learner is able to engage in his learning activity in a fun environment. With access to such facilities, the learning opportunities of a student a re greatly increased leading to greater language acquisition. Social networking has changed the way people learn languages and led to an increase in the number of second language learners all over the world. Traditionally, one had to be living with speakers of a foreign language or make use of a teacher familiar with the foreign language in order to develop skills in the desired second language. With the growth and expansion of computer networks, sites that are designed to assist individuals learn foreign languages have been developed. Some of these sites cater to the needs of students who are at a beginner level in their language acquisition process. Clark reveals that this has led to an increase in the number of students who engage in foreign language learning (164). Social networking has therefore increased the learning opportunities for individuals who might otherwise have been prevented from learning a foreign language due to the cost involved. Social networking offers the oppo rtunity for learners to benefit from other learners. In all learning environments, students are encouraged to learn from each other. Second language learners are also encouraged to learn and teach each other in order to enhance their language development.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Opportunities of Social Networking for Second Language Learners specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Social networking promotes this learning activity by bringing together a community of individuals who have the same learning objectives (Dalton 3). In such an environment, the learner’s ability is enhanced as he/she teaches a fellow learner, or is taught by a peer. Peer learning is especially beneficial since learners are more sensitive to the difficulties that they face in learning a second language. Students are presented with greater opportunities to practice their new language skills and increase their confidence level in i ts use through social networking. In second language acquisition, practicing communication in the new language is mandatory for language development. Most tutors encourage their students to engage in conversations in the language they are learning in order to familiarize themselves and acquire more vocabulary. Most students lack confidence in the second language and therefore avoid using it for fear of making mistakes. With social networking, the confidence of the student is raised since one is given time to think how to use the foreign language while chatting (Clark 168). With increased use of the second language, a student is able to increase his/her proficiency and therefore demonstrate greater competence in the language. A student’s ability to engage in autonomous learning is promoted by social networking. While the teacher plays a crucial role in the learning process, student interest and involvement is necessary for the best results to be achieved. If students are encou raged to engage in learning on their own, their interest in the language can be increased. Social networking helps achieve greater involvement by providing students with the tools with which to take control of their learning process (Harrison 110). By use of social networking sites, the student is able to read outside of the provided curriculum and gain greater knowledge on the language without teacher involvement. This opportunities increase the speed with which second language proficiency is achieved by the leaner. Conclusion This paper set out to argue that social networking gives many opportunities to the second language learner. It began by noting that social networking tools are used by millions of users and the tools can be harnessed to assist in the second language acquisition process. The paper has noted that social networking plays a major role in motivating learners and increasing their confidence levels as they engage in learning activities. Learners are also given acces s to material that can be used to enhance their target foreign language abilities. The paper has revealed that social networking gives learners the opportunity to not only meet other speakers of the target language but also an opportunity for constant use of the foreign language. Considering the huge opportunities that social networking presents, second language educators should promote the use of these tools among their students.Advertising Looking for essay on languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Clark, Charles. â€Å"The use of social networking sites for foreign language learning: An autoethnographic study of Livemocha.† Proceedings Ascilite Sydney 2.1 (2010):164-173. Web. Dalton, Mallory. Social networking and second language acquisition: Exploiting Skype Chat for the purpose of investigating interaction in L2 English Learning. Jan. 2011. Web. 30. May. 2013. http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1149context=etd Harrison, Rob. â€Å"Identity in online communities: Social networking sites and language learning.† International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Society, 7.2 (2009): 109-124. Web. This essay on Opportunities of Social Networking for Second Language Learners was written and submitted by user Meadow Oliver to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Language Development in early childhood

Language Development in early childhood Introduction Language development refers to the process of deliberate communication using sounds, gestures, or symbols which can be understood by other people (Machado, 1985). Language is double perspectives process which forms the basis for other forms of learning. These two aspects include communicating information, and listening to others (Training Module, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Language Development in early childhood specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Existing theories acknowledge early childhood as a period during which physical and cognitive developmental processes occur rapidly. These developments form the basis upon which personal success will depend. Language development is one such process that fully depends on the factors presented during this phase of personal growth (Otto, 2010). Stages Language development Children undergo various stages in their acquisition of language skills. The followi ng phases depicts a typical sequences through which the skills develops, although their are diversities in the pattern of growth from child to child (Corporation for National Services [CNS], U.S. Department of Education, U.S. department of Health and Human Services, 1997, cited in Training Module, 2007). Stage 1: concerns a newborn, whereby it responds to sounds including voices through cries, smiles and coos. Stage 2: concern infant aged between 3 to 8 months; the time during which he or she begins to play with sounds, as well as babbling to others in conjunction to self. Also, in this stage language development is expressed through the waving of arms and kicking of legs. Stage 3: concerns children aged between 8 to 12 months and she or he understands and can react to basic words and signs. Stage 4: deals with children of age 12 to 18 months, the period during which a normal child starts to utter basic words and to follow very basic instructions. In addition, a normal child kn ows its name, and can chatter with a sequence of syllables that mimic expressions. Stage 5: concerns children aged between 18 to 24 months old; the level at which a child can construct two-word phrases, and imitate words and gestures of the grown-ups. It can also ask as well as answer general queries. Promoting child language development The process of promoting language development in children must take into consideration the development stage of the child. The following are some of the ways through which a child’s parent or caregiver can promote language development pertaining to the stage of development (Training Module, 2007). Newborn: Reaction to the child’s cries indicates to the child that s/he can communicate something to you and get a response (Lagoni et al, 1989, cited in Training Module, 2007). 3 to 8 months: it is encouraged that during this stage, the child’s custodian sings to the child while changing his or her diaper. Also, it has been discove red that playing peek-a-boo to the infant enhance language development (CNS et al., cited in Training Module, 2007). Also, the caregiver or parent is encouraged to describe daily routines to the child while performing them (Machado, 1985). 8 to 12 months: During this stage it is commended that the parent or caregiver uses the baby’s name repeatedly, perhaps by incorporating the name in simple rhythmical expressions or songs so that she or he can start to recognize it. , (CNS et al., 1997, cited in Training Module, 2007). Also, Machado (1985) recommends giving names to the toys, foods, and other objects surrounding the child. 12 to 18 months: caregiver is advised to entice the child to converse on a toy telephone (CNS et al., 1997, cited in Training Module, 2007). Also, caregiver or parent should present rhymes and finger games to the child (Lagoni et al., 1989, cited in Training Module, 2007). 18 to 24 months: during this stage parent or caregiver is encouraged to talk about the previous day’s events, and what will transpire the next day. Concepts of child language development There are five concepts of language development which emerge in children’s receptive and communicative language processes. The receptive language skills maturity precedes and lay the foundation for the development of expressive language process. The following paragraphs will explore these concepts of language development in children (Otto, 2010). To begin with, the phonetic development in toddlerhood involves their ability to express their viewpoints, and constructions of phonemes. Phonemes refers to â€Å"a speech sound that distinguishes one word from another, e.g. the sounds d and t in the words bid and bit. A phoneme is the smallest phonetic unit that can carry meaning† [Encarta Dictionary]. This concept of language development begins to express during toddlerhood when she or he begins to articulate a range of terms. At first, the child’s pronunci ation is unsteadily characterized with day to day variations, and in some cases shorter intervals. In addition, some variations have been observed between children in regard of the mastering of certain syllable (Otto, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, semantic language development in infancy entails initial connection of speech to meaning, conception and receptive semantic ability, direct and vivid events, symbol development signifying speech, and expressive semantic ability. On the other hand, the concept of semantic language development presents between the age 1 and 2. At this stage, the toddler possesses a range of 20 to 170 terms in his or her useful vocabulary. Semantic development depicts variation from child to child depending on their respective familial experiences and background. While the child’s language will undergo gradual transition wi th age, the idiomorphs will still be retained in the child’s verbal expressions. In their hyperactive exploration of their environment, toddlers discover the identity of people and objects (Otto, 2010). Furthermore, semantic understanding of toddles and arising literacy, increasingly progress during the toddler stage of a child’s language development process. Also, the child consciousness of environmental features and meaning, like stop signs, brand on food packets, and McDonalds’s logos increases. This consciousness of written symbols is normally expressed in their behaviors with inscribed materials within their familial environment (Otto, 2010). Thirdly, the concept of syntactic language development on infants concerns the syntactic understanding and story book experiences. Conventionally, infants who are engaged in story book experiences with parent or caregiver get exposed to more complex syntactic arrangement relative those involved in routine conversationa l environment. Noteworthy, as infants approach age 1, their verbal and non-verbal participation increase. On the other side, syntactic learning development in toddlers involves syntactic organization in telegraphic speech, mastering of pronouns, and emergent literacy coupled with syntactic ability (Otto, 2010). Fourthly, the concept of morphemic language development in infants is influenced by phonemic ability. Development of morphemic understanding is dependent upon the skill to identify sound differences related with inflectional morphemes such as; tense indicators, plurals, and possessiveness. Thus, receptive understanding of the meaning transforming features of morphemic develops with the experiences of spoken and read language. In addition, the development of morphemes skill gets clearer when toddlers start to exercise language. This stage is significant in development of morphemic understanding in regard that noun verb compatibility in English impact on the use of inflectional morphemes (Otto, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Language Development in early childhood specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Language development in children is largely dependent on the characteristic of the environment within which the child grows. Experiences of a child determine the rate at which a child develops language skills. The degree of parent or caregiver interaction with a child plays a very significant role in a child language development. Also, health issues can slow a child language understanding. Reference List Otto, B. W. (2010) Language Development in Early Childhood Education (3rd Edition).Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. Machado, J. M. (2010). Early childhood experiences in language arts: early literacy. Belmont, U.S.; Cengage learning. Training Module. (2007). Language Development of Infants and Toddlers. HighReach learning

Presidential Power and rthe Modern Presidents A Critical Review essays

Presidential Power and rthe Modern Presidents A Critical Review essays Many scholars and academics have claimed that Richard Neustadt's book Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents, a brilliant and insightful commentary on not only the workings of the office of the president but also the pitfalls any president can encounter as well as the way personality and leadership fit into the making of a president. In short, Neustadt almost gives us a model for what a president must be and what he must and must not do. He relives decisions and actions made by past presidents that have affected presidential leadership and power. It is easy to see why many attribute this book the status that it well deserves. It is easy to see why Kennedy reportedly kept a copy of the first edition of this book with him in the oval office. This book is a classic introspective study of the presidency that is unparalleled in quality. For the most part, Neustadt does not look at presidents individually. Rather he takes situations that relate to his arguments and discusses how different presidents or depending on the situation a certain president dealt with that situation. He begins with what he calls three cases of command that he falls back on continuously through the work. He uses Truman's tenuous relationship and eventual dismissal of MacArthur, the decision of Eisenhower to use troops to enforce integration of schools in Arkansas, and the seizure of the steel industry by Truman. He repeatedly refers to the first two of these but uses the latter very little to illustrate his points after initial discussion. The basic structure is very effective because it provides for a study of the presidency as an institution, not a study of presidents. Neustadt does not underemphasize the role that personality and style plays in term of each president. He uses it to support many of his assertions. He correctly points out that personality and style contributes to all aspects of how any man serves as president but ...

The drivers of Taiwan's economic growth between 1949-1990 Thesis

The drivers of Taiwan's economic growth between 1949-1990 - Thesis Example There was nothing supernatural about them. These include the reason for the US aid, the training of the workers for the German optical lens factory and the infrastructure development by Japan to support its war efforts. In addition to these existing benefits, the decisions and actions of the policy makers fetched the unexpected results. While they formulated the policies they themselves were unsure of the consequences. Reforms were made in every sector and most importantly the policies were reviewed with changes in the business environment. Government intervention was gradually reduced as the economy matured. However, two factors that developing nations should be cautious of, include environmental degradation that comes with economic growth and unhealthy nationalism. Besides, it is not possible to replicate the strategy that Taiwan followed as not every country has the same endowments such as natural resources and human capital. Taiwan could experience growth because of the endogenou s factors. Local factors have tremendous influence on growth and progress and this is evident from the case of Taiwan. The study concludes that the economic growth in Taiwan was the unintended result of innumerable efforts. Table of Contents CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Motivation for the study 2 1.3 Research aims and Objectives 3 1.4 Organization of the study 3 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Economic Growth Theories and models 5 2.3 Economic and Social Growth relationship 8 2.4 Social Capital 8 2.5 Measures of Progress 9 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 11 3.1 Research Philosophy 11 3.2 Research Phenomenon 11 3.3 Research Design 11 3.4 Research Strategy 12 3.5 Justification for use of Secondary Data 13 CHAPTER IV FINDINGS 15 4.1 Role of Chiang Kai-shek and KMT 15 4.2 Factors of Growth 15 4.3 Stages of development 16 4.4 Land reforms 17 4.5 Export-led growth 18 4.6 Government intervention 19 4.7 Financial reforms 20 4.8 Existing technology 20 4. 9 Supporting the Private Sector 21 4.10 Educational reforms 22 4.11 Foreign aid 23 4.12 Infra structure development 23 4.13 Miracle or unintended results of human efforts 25 4.14 Lessons for Developing Nations 26 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS 29 5.1 Conclusion 29 5.2 Recommendations 31 References 32 Tables and Figures Figure: 2.1 Stages of Modernization 7 Table 4.1 Measurement of Economic Performance 25 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Economy and society are interlinked; the growth of a nation or its economy depends upon the political factors but more importantly the social factors. This is because the society or the people of the society form the regulations and the strategies, which are again based on the demands of the common people, on the needs of the society and on the growth prospects of the nation. In other words, economic growth impacts the society in every respect. This has been endorsed by Blair and Carroll (2008) that social relationships networks can shap e local economies. The societal factors can be held responsible for the closure of plants and manufacturing units in one region and opening of some units in another region. Again, if the economy is not doing well, unemployment rises which forces people to migrate to other regions. The regions where these people migrate need manpower because they have shortage of unskilled labor or they prefer to employ cheap migrant labor. Hence, in all